♪.

TED: COMING UP NEXT ON "ARIZONA HORIZON," PROCESSING DELAYS ARE COSTING SOME DACA RECIPIENTS TO LOSE THEIR JOBS AS PERMITS EXPIRE.

>>> ALSO TONIGHT, NEW DATA SHEDS LIGHT ON THE HISTORY AND DIVERSITY OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN THE AMERICAS.

>>> AND A VALLEY EYE DOCTOR KEEPS AN EYE ON HISTORY WITH A RARE COLLECTION OF CENTURIES OLD NEWSPAPERS.

THOSE STORIES AND MORE NEXT ON "ARIZONA HORIZON."

.

TED: GOOD EVENING, AND WELCOME TO "ARIZONA HORIZON," I'M TED SIMONS.

THOUSANDS OF ARIZONANS IN THE DACA PROGRAM ARE BEING IMPACTED BY LENGTHY PROCESSING DELAYS CAUSED BY INCREASED VETTING FROM U.S.

CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES.

THOSE DELAYS ARE RESULTING IN SOME DACA RECIPIENTS LOSING THEIR JOBS DUE TO EXPIRING WORK PERMITS.

TO LEARN MORE, WE WELCOME IN DELIA SALVATIERRA FROM THE SALVATIERRA LAW GROUP.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US, WE'RE BRINGING YOU ON WITH WHAT SEEMS LIKE BAD NEWS, THIS SEEMS LIKE ROUGH NEWS, PROCESSING FOR THESE FOLKS.

PROCESSING DELAYS.

WHAT'S THIS ALL ABOUT?

Y.

>> DACA IS ISSUED IN TWO-YEAR INCREMENTS.

EVERY TWO YEARS, THEY HAVE TO RENEW STATUS, DEFERRED ACTION, LOW-LEVEL DEPORTATION, PEOPLE WHO ARE VETTED THROUGH A PROCESS OF CRIMINAL BACKGROUNDS, AND THEY'VE BEEN DETERMINED SINCE 2012, ESSENTIALLY, THAT THEY ARE ELIGIBLE AS A CHILDHOOD ARRIVAL IN THE UNITED STATES.

SO NO CRIMINAL HISTORY.

NO BAD ACTS IN THEIR PAST, AND THEY MEET A CERTAIN CRITERIA, THEY'VE BEEN HERE A CERTAIN NUMBER OF YEARS, SINCE 2007.

SO WHEN DACA EXPIRES EVERY TWO YEARS, NORMALLY WITHIN THREE MONTHS, YOU HAVE TO FILE A RENEWAL APPLICATION, AND THAT REQUIRES FINGERPRINTS AND PHOTOS.

SO EVERY TWO YEARS, SINCE 2012, THESE FOLKS HAVE BEEN VETTED OVER AND OVER AGAIN, AND WHENEVER THERE IS AN OFFENSE OR SOMETHING IN THEIR HISTORY THAT COMES UP, THEY GET BROUGHT IN FOR AN INTERVIEW, AND USUALLY THEIR DACA GETS CANCELED.

NOW IT'S JUST THE PROGRAM IS IN LIMBO.

THEY'RE NOT ISSUING WORK AUTHORIZATIONS AS QUICKLY, AND BY QUICKLY, I MEAN SIX MONTHS AHEAD OF TIME.

TED: WHOA.

>> AND FOLKS ARE LOSING THEIR ABILITY TO DRIVE LAWFULLY AND ABILITY TO WORK BECAUSE EMPLOYERS DO NOT WANT TO RETAIN SOMEONE ON STAFF THAT HAS JUST A PENDING WORK AUTHORIZATION APPLICATION.

THEY 79 THE INDIVIDUAL TO PROVIDE PROOF THAT THEY'RE ELIGIBLE.

TED: AND IN PREVIOUS YEARS, HOW LONG THIS PROCESS TAKE.

>> IT WAS ANYWHERE FROM THREE WEEKS TO THREE MONTHS AT MOST.

TED: AND NOW IT'S MONTHS AND SOMETIME A LOT OF MONTHS.

>> A LOT OF MONTHS.

TED: I READ ALSO THAT THE U.S.

IS NO LONGER ACCEPTING PERSONAL CHECKS, THAT YOU HAVE TO PAY BY OTHER METHODS, AND THIS COULD BE DIFFICULT FOR SOME DREAMERS?

>> YOU KNOW, MOST DREAMERS ARE MUCH MORE SAVVY THAN YOU AND I PUT TOGETHER, SO I THINK CHECKS IS OUTDATED FOR THEM, AND THEY PAY WITH A CREDIT CARD.

SO THAT HAS BEEN A TREMENDOUS WELCOMED CHANGE FROM THE DEPARTMENT.

TED: THAT'S A GOOD CHANGE, THEN, THAT'S NOT A DELAY CHANGE.

>> NOT A DELAY CHANGE AT ALL.

TED: OKAY.

>> I THINK THERE WAS A LITTLE BIT OF CHANGE, AND IT CAUSED SOME DELAYS AND MISUNDERSTANDING IN HOW THINGS WERE PROCESSED, BUT IN THE END, IT IS THE WAY OF THE WORLD.

TED: SHOWS YOU HOW MY MIND WORKS.

I THOUGHT IT WOULD BE A DELAY IF YOU CAN'T USE CHECKS.

>> MINE TOO, DON'T WORRY.

TED: AS FAR AS BEING VULNERABLE TO DEPORTATION.

SAY YOU ARE IN THE PROGRAM, AND IT'S DELAYED MONTH AFTER MONTH, YOUR WORK PERMIT EXPIRES, YOUR DRIVING PRIVILEGES EXPIRE, IF THEY EXPIRE DURING THE PROCESS, IS THAT A FACTOR?

IS THAT A MITIGATING FACTOR?

>> NO.

RECENTLY THE BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS WHO ISSUES PRECEDENT DECISIONS FOR IMMIGRATION COURTS ISSUED A CASE CALLED SANTIAGO AND SAID JUDGES, DESPITE THE FORMAL REGULATION, IMMIGRATION JUDGES ARE NOT TO DISMISS OR PLACE A CASE ON ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS AND DEPORTATION DEFENSE SOLELY BECAUSE THE INDIVIDUAL HAS DACA.

SO I'LL GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE.

I HAVE A YOUNG MAN, A TOP ENGINEER FOR ONE OF THE LOCAL COLLEGES, THEIR SOFTWARE DEVELOPER, AND HE'S GOT A MASTERS, A BACHELORS AND A MASTERS DEGREE, AND HE GOT A TICKET FOR DRIVING WITHOUT A LICENSE IN 2011, DURING THE ARPAIO YEARS, AND LANDED IN DEPORTATION PROCEEDINGS AND CASE WAS CLOSED BECAUSE HE WAS DACA.

THE CASE WAS REOPENED BY THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION, AND THE INDIVIDUAL WHO IS LATE 20s, EARLY 30s IS FACING DEPORTATION FROM THE COUNTRY, DESPITE HAVING NO CRIMINAL HISTORY AND BEING A HIGHLY EDUCATED INDIVIDUAL AND PERTINENT TO ONE OF THE COLLEGES HERE IN TOWN.

TED: IF YOU FOR THOSE WHO HAVE NOT EVEN A SPEEDING TICKET, NOTHING, SPOTLESS, AND THEY'VE APPLIED FOR REINSTATEMENT, IT'S BEEN TWO YEARS, APPLIED TO BE REINSTATED, IT'S TAKING FOREVER AND ALL OF A SUDDEN THE DEADLINE FOR THE REINSTATEMENT IS PASSED.

IS THAT A MITIGATING FACTOR?

>> NO.

TED: IT ISN'T?

>> NO, IF THE INDIVIDUAL, LET'S SAY DACA STATUS LAPSES BUT THEY CONTINUE TO DRIVE BECAUSE THEY HAVE TO GET TO WORK OR GET KIDS TO SCHOOL, AND THEY'RE DETAINED, BUT THEIR DACA RENEWAL HASN'T COME, IN THEY WILL LAND BEFORE THE DEPARTMENT FOR REMOVAL, AND THEY WILL BE RETAINED.

TED: THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION, A COUPLE OF QUOTES HERE, ONE OF THEM IS DACA DOES NOT CONFER ANY LEGAL STATUS.

>> THAT IS CORRECT.

TED: THAT IS TRUE, ISN'T IT?

>> THAT IS CORRECT.

DACA IS DEFERRED ACTION, WHICH MEANS THE SAME AGENCY THAT IS TRYING TO REMOVE THEM FROM THE COUNTRY IS THE VERY AGENCY THAT VETTED THEM AND GRANTED THEM DEFERRED ACTION, WHICH MEANS LOW LEVEL OF PRIORITY FOR REMOVAL AND THAT AS AS LONG AS YOU KEEP THE STATUS QUO, NO ISSUES, YOU REMAIN LOW LEVEL AND NOT SUBJECT TO DEPORTATION.

TED: INTERESTING.

>> THAT IS NOT WHAT'S HAPPENING ON THE GROUND.

TED: YES, I WAS GOING TO ASK YOU WHAT'S HAPPENING ON THE GROUND AND WHAT YOU'RE HEARING FROM FOLKS.

WE HEARD ABOUT THE PROFESSOR, THE GUY -- >> THE ENGINEER.

TED: YEAH, ENGINEER.

WHAT ARE YOU HEARING AND WHAT ARE YOU TELLING FOLKS?

>> WHAT I'M TELLING FOLKS IS THEY HAVE TO APPLY SIX MONTHS AHEAD OF TIME, 180 DAYS BEFORE THEIR WORK PERMIT EXPIRES.

THEY OFTEN CALL CONCERNED BECAUSE THEY DON'T WANT TO BREAK THE LAW, THEY DON'T WANT TO DRIVE AND DON'T WANT TO WORK WITHOUT STATUS, SO THAT IS A DECISION THEY MAKE DEPENDING ON WHAT THEIR FINANCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES ARE, MAYBE IT'S A TWO-PARENT HOUSEHOLD, AND MAYBE ONE DACA RECIPIENT CAN STAY HOME, BUT IT'S DEVASTATING.

IT'S THE ABILITY TO PAY MORTGAGE, THEIR ABILITY TO SEND THEIR KIDS TO SCHOOL, GROCERIES, RIGHT?

SO THESE ARE RESILIENT FOLKS, AND THEY'VE KNOWN FOR A VERY LONG TIME THAT DACA HAS BEEN ON THIS ADMINISTRATION'S CHOPPING BLOCK, BUT TO HAVE IT GO AWAY LIKE THIS WITHOUT AN OPPORTUNITY TO PREPARE THEM OR TO AMELIORATE THE DELAY CAUSED BY USCF SAYING WE'RE GOING TO GIVE EVERYBODY AN AUTOMATIC EXTENSION OF 30 DAYS TO FINALIZE OUR VETTING.

AS I MENTIONED, THEY'VE BEEN VETTED ALREADY EVERY TWO YEARS SINCE 2012, SO THAT'S TEN VETINGS.

SO I THINK THAT IT WOULD BE INCUMBENT UPON THE DEPARTMENT TO WANT TO AMELIORATE THE HARDSHIP IT'S CAUSING, BUT THAT ISN'T GOING TO HAPPEN.

IN MY PERSONAL OPINION, I BELIEVE THAT IT IS A CHOICE TO MAKE IT SO UNCOMFORTABLE FOR AS MANY PEOPLE AS POSSIBLE TO LEAVE THE COUNTRY, AND TAKING AWAY THEIR ABILITY TO WORK AND FUNCTION IN THE SOCIETY IS CERTAINLY ONE WAY.

TED: DELIA SALVATIERRA, SALVATIERRA LAW GROUP, THANK YOU SO MUCH, APPRECIATE IT.

>> THANK YOU, GOOD SEEING YOU.

.

TED: A NEW STUDY LOOKS AT THE HISTORY OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN THE AMERICAS BY WAY OF DNA ANALYSIS AND GENOMIC DATA SETS.

THE RESULT IS THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OF INDIGENOUS GENOMICS AND HISTORY TO DATE.

JOINING US IS EDUARDO AMORIM FROM ASU SCHOOL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE.

GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

TED: THIS IS FASCINATING.

SO BASICALLY, HOW DID THIS WORK?

WHAT WAS THE PROCESS INVOLVED?

>> THERE IS -- THE PROCESS STARTS ON PLANNING THE RESEARCH AND DEALING WITH THE ETHICAL STANDARDS OF THE COUNTRY THAT WE ARE WORKING IN AND COLLECT THE SAMPLES OF SALIVA OF BLOOD, EXTRACT THE DNA, SEQUENCE IT AND INTERPRET THE DNA VARIATION TO UNDERSTAND THEIR HISTORY AND EVOLUTION.

TED: THIS IS FROM THE BEARING STRAIGHT DOWN TO PATAGONIA, THE AMERICAS?

>> YEAH, WE DID FOCUS ON MEXICO TO ARGENTINA.

TED: SO YOU FOCUSED A LITTLE FURTHER SOUTH, THEN.

>> YEAH.

TED: I THOUGHT IT WENT FROM TIP TO TIP.

LARGEST DATA SET OF ITS KIND?

>> YEAH, THERE ARE OTHER DATA SETS THAT ARE SEQUENCING ONLY PART OF THE GENOME OF THIS INDIVIDUAL.

WE -- OUR STUDY THE LARGEST ONE AND THE MOST DIVERSE ONE TO SEQUENCE THE WHOLE GENOME, SO THE GENETIC INFORMATION THAT EACH INDIVIDUAL CARRIES AND ALSO ACROSS SEVERAL DIFFERENT POPULATIONS.

>> AND I READ A MILLION NEW GENETIC VARIANTS WERE DISCOVERED.

DID THAT SURPRISE YOU?

>> DID SURPRISE US BECAUSE IT IS KNOWN IN POPULATION GENETICS THAT SMALLER POPULATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN HISTORICALLY SMALL, LIKE THE NATIVE AMERICAN POPULATIONS HAVE BEEN ACROSS THEIR HISTORY, THEY USUALLY HARBOR LESS GENETIC VARIATION THAN OTHER LARGER POPULATIONS LIKE THE AFRICAN POPULATION.

THOUGH IT'S SMALL, IT'S LARGER THAN WE ACTUALLY EXPECTED.

TED: INTERESTING.

DID GEOGRAPHY MAKE A DIFFERENCE WHERE, THEY CAME FROM, WHERE THEY WENT AND THE GEOGRAPHY MITIGATING THAT?

>> GEOGRAPHY DOES IMPOSE BARRIERS TO POPULATIONS TO EXCHANGE GENES, RIGHT?

SO IT CAN ISOLATE POPULATIONS AND COULD POTENTIALLY REDUCE THE GENETIC DIVERSITY, SO IT DOES PLAY A ROLE.

TED: THINGS LIKE METABOLISM AND GROWTH AND FERTILITY, ALL THE THINGS YOU WITH WINNOW OUT FROM DNA, WHAT DID YOU FIND?

>> YEAH, WE DID FIND THAT THERE IS SOME NEANDERTHALS.

TED: THERE ARE NEANDERTHALS?

>> IN ASIA AND EUROPE.

TED: YOU SAW THAT IN THE BLOOD?

>> YEAH, THEY INHERIT FROM THE ANCESTORS FROM ASIA THIS GENES AND THOSE GENES CARRY ADAPTIVE ADVANTAGE OVER PEOPLE THAT DON'T HAVE THE VARIANTS, SO WE DID DETECT SOME GENES THAT ARE UNDER SELECTION THAT ENABLE THIS INDIVIDUAL TO ADAPT TO THE ENVIRONMENT, AND SOME OF THEM COME THROUGH THIS INFLUX FROM GENES FROM NEANDERTHALS AND OTHER POPULATIONS.

TED: DOES THAT IMPACT IMMUNITY?

>> YES, WE DID SEE -- MOST OF THE SIGNALS WE SEE ARE RELATED TO IMMUNITY OR AUTOIMMUNITY INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES, THAT'S A COMMON OBSERVATIONS.

OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM IS UNDER SELECTIVE PRESSURE.

TED: IN TERMS OF MIGRATION PATTERNS, DID YOU LEARN SOMETHING FROM THE DNA ANALYSIS?

>> YEAH, WE DID -- BEFORE WE STUDY, WE KNEW THERE WERE TWO MAJOR MIGRATIONS THAT PEOPLE IN THE AMERICAS, THE ORIGINAL ONE 15,000 YEARS AGO, THE WHOLE FIRST WAVE.

THERE IS ANOTHER ONE THAT CAME LATER THAT REPLACED SOMEWHAT THIS FIRST MIGRATION, AND WE DETECT A THIRD ONE THAT IT'S A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO POPULATIONS IN SOUTH AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN AS WELL.

TED: THAT WAS HOW LONG AGO?

>> THE ONE WAS 1300 YEARS AGO.

TED: INTERESTING.

THAT MEANS, SO YOU GOT ALL BASES COVERED IF YOU ARE GOING OVER TO THE CARIBBEAN?

>> YEAH, WE INCORPORATED SOME GENETIC DATA THAT ARE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIAL AS WELL, SO ANCESTORS, AND INCORPORATED THIS DATA.

TED: HOW IMPORTANT IS IT TO GET THIS INFORMATION IN TERMS OF JUST KNOWLEDGE, IN TERMS OF TREATING PEOPLE WHO ARE INDIGENOUS AMERICANS?

I IMAGINE IF THIS IS THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE ONE AVAILABLE, THERE'S A LOT STILL TO LEARN?

>> THERE IS A LOT STILL TO LEARN.

THIS IS ONE OF OUR MAIN POINTS THAT IN 2001, THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT WAS RELEASED, WAS PUBLISHED, AND THEY CLAIMED THAT KNOWING THE GENOME OF A PERSON WOULD BE BENEFITTING FOR A PERSON FOR PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, FOR EXAMPLE, AND THIS IS TRUE, WE BELIEVE THAT, AND THAT'S WHY WE DO GENOMICS, BUT THIS RESEARCH WILL NOT BENEFIT INDIVIDUALS THAT HAVEN'T BEEN STUDIED YET, SO EXPANDING THE REACH TO DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES THAT HAVEN'T BEEN STUDIED YET FROM THE GENOMICS PERSPECTIVE, WE ALLOW THE BENEFITS TO BENEFIT THEM.

TED: YEAH, YEAH, IT SOUNDS VERY -- OKAY, WHERE DO YOU GO NEXT WITH THE RESEARCH?

>> WE ARE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND MORE REGIONAL ASPECTS OF THE EVOLUTION OF PATAGONIAN PEOPLE, AND SIMILAR PERSPECTIVE TO UNDERSTAND EVOLUTION AND HISTORY.

TED: REAL QUICKLY, DID YOU GET BUY-IN FROM THE FOLKS?

WERE THEY WORRIED FROM THE FOLKS, THERE WAS APPROPRATION OF CULTURE GOING ON HERE?

>> THERE IS CONCERN IN THE HISTORY OF THE FIELD.

WE ADDRESSED IT WITH THE COMMUNITIES, WE ENGAGED WITH THEM, AND TRIED TO EXPLAIN THE RESEARCH, THE POTENTIAL GAINS AND THE POTENTIAL PROBLEMS THAT THEY COULD FACE WITH OUR RESULTS AS WELL.

TED: SOUNDS LIKE IT WENT VERY WELL.

EDUARDO AMORIM, ASU SCHOOL OF EVOLUTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE.

GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH.

.

TED: A VALLEY EYE DOCTOR IS KEEPING AN EYE ON HISTORY WITH RARE FIRST DRAFTS OF NEWSPAPERS THAT DATE BACK CENTURIES.

THE COLLECTION INCLUDES A NUMBER OF NEWS ACCOUNTS INVOLVING REVOLUTIONARY WAR EVENTS AS WELL AS A COPY OF DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE THAT'S OLDER THAN WHAT'S ON DISPLAY AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES.

IN CELEBRATION OF AMERICA 250 WE WELCOME DR.

FRANK CASERTA TO "ARIZONA HORIZON."

GOOD TO SEE YOU, DOCTOR.

>> THANK YOU, TED.

THANKS FOR HAVING ME.

TED: THIS IS FANTASTIC STUFF, YOU COLLECT HISTORICAL NEWSPAPERS.

>> I DO.

TED: WHAT GOT YOU STARTED IN THIS?

>> 15 YEARS AGO, TRYING FIND A GIFT FOR MY DAD, AND HE'S ALWAYS WATCHING THE NEWS, READING THE NEWS AND HAPPENED TO COME ACROSS ORIGINAL 1865 "NEW YORK TIMES" REPORTING THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN.

IT SET ME ON THE PATH OF COLLECTING OVER THE NEXT 15 YEARS.

TED: HOW DOES ONE COLLECT THESE THINGS?

IS THAT THEIR A MARKET FOR THEM?

>> THERE DEFINITELY IS.

THERE ARE DEALERS ONLINE WHO SELL THESE, YOU CAN GET THEM ON eBAY.

THERE ARE MANY AUCTION HOUSES LIKE CHRISTIES AND SOTHEBY'S AND BONDS, ET CETERA.

PEOPLE HAVE ESTATE SALES AND SELL THESE THINGS.

I HAVE PATIENTS WHO GIVE THEM TO ME BECAUSE THEY KNOW I HAVE AN INTEREST IN COLLECTING.

TED: REALLY?

INTERESTING.

I WANT TO TAKE A LOOK AT VISUALS, FOUR ARE FASCINATING.

THE FIRST IS BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD, WHO DIFFERENT VANTAGE POINTS, CORRECT?

>> ABSOLUTELY.

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION BEGAN IN 1775 WITH THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD.

HOW EXACTLY DID IT START AND WHO FIRED THE FIRST SHOT?

TODAY, HISTORIANS ARE NOT SURE ABOUT THIS, BEFORE THE SMOKE CLEARED, BOTH THE PATRIOTS WHO FAVOR INDEPENDENCE AND THOSE LOYAL TO KING GEORGE III RACED ACCUSING THE OTHER SIDE OF STARTING IT FIRST.

THE MAY 13 PENNSYLVANIA LEDGER ON THE LEFT CONTAINS 21 SIGNED AFFIDAVITS WHICH EYEWITNESSES TO THE BATTLE SWORE THAT THE BRITISH FIRED THE FIRST SHOTS WITHOUT ANY PROVOCATION ON THE PART OF THE COLONISTS, AND, OF COURSE, GENERAL THOMAS GAGE, BRITISH COMMANDER IN CHIEF, CLAIMED THE COLONISTS FOUGHT FIRST.

THE SECOND NEWSPAPER ON THE RIGHT, THE JUNE 7, 1775, CONNECTICUT JOURNAL IS QUITE RARE IN BEING ONE OF THE FEW NEWSPAPERS THAT FINALLY PRINTED GAGE'S VERSION OF EVENTS, BUT UNFORTUNATELY FOR THE BRITISH, IT CAME OUT SIGNIFICANTLY LATER THAN THE EARLIER REPORTS THAT INFLAMED THE POPULATION AGAINST THE BRITISH.

>> THE EARLIER REPORTS HAD A QUOTE FROM A RED COAT, THROW DOWN YOUR ARMS, YOU VILLAINS, YOU REBELS, THAT'S A QUOTE.

>> THAT IS A QUOTE.

TED: THAT IS FANTASTIC.

WANT TO GET TO THE NEXT ONE, THIS IS WASHINGTON CROSSING THE DELAWARE FROM THE CONTINENTAL JOURNAL AND WEEKLY ADVERTISER.

>> THIS IS ONE OF MY FAVORITES.

THIS PARTICULAR NEWSPAPER IS THE ONLY ONE I HAVE EVER FOUND OR EVEN HEARD OF IN 15 YEARS OF COLLECTING THAT PRINTS WASHINGTON'S OWN ACCOUNT OF CROSSING THE DELAWARE, HE DESCRIBES IT IN GREAT DETAIL WHICH HE EXPLAINS HE WAS GOING TO GET THE CROSSING COMPLETED BY MIDNIGHT WITH ALL HIS MEN AND THE CANNONS AND MARCH THE NINE MILES IN THE FREEZING DARKNESS TO TRENTON AND SURPRISE THE HETTIANS WITH AN ATTACK AT 5:00, AND NOTHING IN WAR GOES AS PLANNED AND TELLS US THAT, IN FACT, THERE WAS SO MUCH ICE IN THE RIVER, THEY FELL FOUR HOURS BEHIND SCHEDULE, NEARLY COSTING HIM THE ELEMENT OF SURPRISE AND THE VICTORY THAT PROVED TO BE THE TURNING POINT IN THE WAR.

TED: IT'S ALL THERE IN NEWS PRINT.

>> IT IS.

TED: THAT IS FANTASTIC.

BATTLE OF YORKTOWN AND THAT LOOKS LIKE A BANNER HEADLINE.

DID WE SEE MANY IN THOSE DAYS?

>> NO, IN FACT.

HARDLY EVER.

THIS MAY BE THE FIRST.

FOLLOWING THAT EVENT, ONE WEEK LATER, THE FIRST THREE NEWSPAPERS TO EVER BREAK THAT NEWS WERE THREE NEWSPAPERS IN PHILADELPHIA WHO ALL CAME OUT ON THE SAME DAY.

THE OCTOBER 24, 1784, FREEMAN'S JOURNAL IS THE MOST DRAMATIC OF THOSE AND MAY ACTUALLY BE THE FIRST BANNER HEADLINE IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

TED: I LOVE UNDER THE HEAD SPOT, OPEN TO ALL PARTIES BUT ANNOUNCED BY NONE.

>> YES.

NOW BANNER HEADLINES DIDN'T START UNTIL ABOUT THE 1890s WHEN JOSEPH PULITZER AND WILLIE RANDOLPH HEARST WHO OWNED COMPETING NEWSPAPERS USED THEM TO ATTRACT READERS AND OUTSELL EACH OTHER.

>> THE FREEMAN'S JOURNAL, WAS IT A NEWSPAPER, A NEWS PAMPHLET?

>> IT ABSOLUTELY IS A NEWSPAPER WITH FOUR PAGES, AND BACK THEN, THE NEWSPAPERS WERE A LOT SMALLER, PAPER WAS A VERY SCARCE AND EXPENSIVE COMMODITY.

IT TOOK A MONUMENTAL EVENT TO INSPIRE AND JUSTIFY THE USE OF THAT MUCH SPACE ON THE FRONT PAGE.

TED: WOW.

SPEAKING OF MONUMENTAL EVENTS, YOU GOT A DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE THAT'S OLDER THAN WHAT YOU SEE IN WASHINGTON IN THE ARCHIVES.

>> I HAVE FIVE COPIES.

TED: HOLY SMOKES!

>> THIS IS THE OLDEST ONE.

ON THE NIGHT OF JULY 4th, THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS ASKED TO PRINT 26 COPIES OF THE DECLARATION, ONLY ONE IS IN PRIVATE HANDS, 72 HOURS LATER, HE PRINTED IT ON THE FRONT PAGE OF HIS NEWSPAPER, AND ON PAGE THREE IS A CALL TO THE FIRST PUBLIC READING EVER OF THE DECLARATION, WHICH WAS TO BE HELD THAT DAY AT INDEPENDENCE HALL, THEN CALLED THE STATEHOUSE UNDER THE LIBERTY BELL.

TED: AND THIS WAS HAND DELIVERED TO THIS PRINTER BY JEFFERSON AND ADAMS, CORRECT?

>> YOU KNOW, I TRIED TO PIN DOWN WHO IT WAS, THERE'S A LITTLE QUESTION ABOUT THAT.

MIGHT HAVE BEEN JEFFERSON, MIGHT HAVE BEEN ADAMS.

I'M NOT ENTIRELY SURE WHO DID IT.

TED: HE WAS THE OFFICIAL PRINTER OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.

>> JOHN DUNLAP WAS THE OFFICIAL PRINTER.

TED: DO YOU HAVE A WHITE WHALE?

IS THERE SOMETHING THAT YOU REALLY, REALLY WANT THAT YOU HAVEN'T GOT YET?

>> THAT I HAVEN'T -- [ LAUGHTER ] >> I COULD PROBABLY LIST QUITE A FEW.

ONE WOULD BE, FOR EXAMPLE, THE SEPTEMBER, 1787 FIRST PRINKING OF THE CONSTITUTION.

THAT ONE I HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO FIND, I HAVE OTHERS THAT ARE YEARS LATER.

TED: YOU HAVE THE TITANIC, PEARL HARBOR, GERMANE SURRENDERING.

>> EVERY EVENT IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

TED: SURPRISING HAVE YOU TIME TO WORK ON THIS, INCLUDING MINE BECAUSE YOU ARE MY EYE DOCTOR, I WANT TO MAKE SURE EVERYONE KNOWS THAT.

>> AND I'M PROUD TO BE THAT.

THANK YOU SO MUCH.

TED: THANK YOU FOR COMING IN.

THIS IS ABSOLUTELY FASCINATING.

APPRECIATE IT.

>> THANK YOU, TED.

TED: YOU BET.

THAT IS IT FOR NOW.

I'M TED SIMONS.

THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING.